Studies have shown that Black and Indigenous people are overrepresented in several areas of the criminal justice system in both Canada and the US, including stop-and-frisks, arrests, and incarceration. The 2006 Canadian census, in combination with 2008 federal correctional data showed that Black people made up 7.4% of incarcerated individuals and Indigenous people accounted for 17%, despite only comprising 2.5% and 3.8% of the national population.[1] Additional studies by criminology professor Scot Wortley revealed that these groups were also more likely to involved in police-initiated interactions, like carding, in several cities across Canada, indicating an issue of racial profiling.[2] Over the last few decades, marginalized groups have voiced concerns and issued claims about the discrimination their communities have been facing in this sector.
[1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274314275_Race_Crime_and_Criminal_Justice_in_Canada
[2] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238046161_The_Usual_Suspects_Police_Stop_and_Search_Practices_in_Canada